Thursday, March 16, 2006

Menanti Sentuhan Bisnis Kookmin Bank Pada BII



Kookmin Bank, sebuah bank Korea Selatan, dipastikan dalam waktu dekat akan menguasai penuh kepemilikan saham PT Bank Internasional Indonesia Tbk (BNII). Bersama Temasek Holdings Limited, sebuah perusahaan investasi milik pemerintah Singapura, Asia Financial Holdings Ltd Singapura, ICB Financial Group Holdings Ltd, dan Barclay, Kookmin Bank kemudian membentuk konsorsium Sorak Financial Holding Pte Ltd.

Bertindak selaku pimpinan konsorsium adalah Kookmin Bank, seperti yang dipersyaratkan BPPN (Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional). Lembaga ini memang menghendaki konsorsium penawar BNII harus dipimpin oleh bank komersial dengan rating internasional minimal double B dengan kontribusi sekurang-kurangnya 20% atau memiliki hak suara di atas 50% dalam keanggotaan konsorsium.

“Kami harapkan akan terjadi suatu proses transfer knowledge maupun pengalaman, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja bank tersebut,” jelas Syafruddin A. Temenggung beberapa waktu lalu.

Dalam perjanjian Sales & Purchases Agreement (SPA) yang ditandatangani Jimmy Phoon, Managing Director, Strategic Development (Asia/Services) Temasek bersama Syafruddin A. Temenggung, Kepala BPPN, 20 November lalu, terlihat skor rencana bisnis Kookmin Bank memang lebih baik dari Bank Panin. Kookmin Bank mendapat total nilai 82,86 dengan komposisi harga final penawaran (final bid price) 52%, rencana bisnis (business plan) 18,53% dan kesesuaian dengan ketentuan SPA (compliance with SPA terms) 12,23%. Sementara, Bank Panin hanya mendapat total nilai 72,73 dengan komposisi 60% harga final, 10,06% rencana bisnis, dan 2,67% kesesuaian dengan SPA.

BPPN juga menetapkan konsorsium Sorak harus mempertahankan (lock up) struktur keanggotaannya selama satu tahun dan mempertahankan sahamnya selama tiga tahun pula.
Per September 2003, Kookmin Bank tercatat memiliki total aset Rp 1.331 triliun. Sementara, itu BNII dalam periode yang sama tercatat memiliki total aset sebesar Rp 34.6 triliun.

Ambisi Kookmin Bank
Kookmin Bank merupakan salah satu bank papan atas Korea Selatan dengan total karyawan mencapai 27.096 ribu orang. Bank yang mendapat predikat sebagai bank lokal dan komersial terbaik Korea Selatan versi majalah Finance Asia dan Asia Money ini berambisi menjadi salah satu dari 30 bank komersial terbesar di dunia dengan kapitalisasi saham mencapai US$ 25 miliar pada 2005.

Keinginan Kookmin Bank untuk berekspansi ke luar negeri melalui serangkaian merger dan akuisisi ini memang tak dapat dihindari oleh suatu entitas bisnis yang ingin bertahan hidup. Apalagi kondisi perekonomian makro Korea Selatan menunjukkan terjadinya pelambatan konsumsi domestik sementara ekonomi global justru mulai memperlihatkan perkembangan yang positif.

Penurunan konsumsi domestik ini diprediksi manajemen Kookmin Bank akan memperlambat pertumbuhan sektor perbankan Korea Selatan terutama di sektor kredit ritel dan korporasi besar.

Karena itu, jajaran direksi Kookmin Bank menilai merger merupakan strategi utama yang penting. Apalagi tindakan merger memberi kemungkinan besar untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. “Akuisisi perusahaan sekuritas adalah satu pilihan, tapi membangun kerjasama strategis dengan sekuritas adalah pilihan lainnya,” jelas direksi Kookmin Bank.

Karena itu, setelah sukses mendapatkan Bank Internasional Indonesia, manajemen Kookmin Bank langsung memburu bank kelima terbesar di Korea bernama Koram Bank. Carlyle Group, investment fund dari AS, selaku pemilik 37% saham Koram Bank berniat menjualnya pada tahun ini juga, karena telah menahan sahamnya selama tiga tahun terakhir.

Tercatat Citibank, Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corp. (HSBC), Standard Chartered Bank berminat memiliki saham Koram Bank. SCB juga tercatat telah memiliki 9,76% saham Koram Bank.

Sementara itu, Kookmin Bank kembali bersama Temasek Holdings Group mengajukan penawaran guna bersaing dengan ketiga bank di atas. “CEO mengatakan sudah keharusan Kookmin untuk membantu partner, jika Temasek menginginkan Koram,” ujar Mr. Lee Ok Won, juru bicara Kookmin. Padahal, sebelum Temasek menyatakan keikutsertaannya, CEO Kookmin Bank, Kim Jung-Tae.

Keunggulan Kookmin Bank
Lalu, apakah keuntungan yang akan diperoleh Bank Internasional Indonesia dari Kookmin Bank. Sama seperti bank-bank di negara-negara yang mengalami krisis (Indonesia dan Thailand-red), Kookmin Bank berhasil melewati proses restrukturisasi dengan baik setelah sebelumnya, pada 11 November 2001, Kookmin Bank dan H&CB Bank berhasil melakukan proses merger dengan sempurna.

Hanya dalam tempo empat bulan berselang, rating Kookmin Bank pun dinaikkan dari double B (Baa2) menjadi triple A oleh lembaga Moody’s. Satu bulan kemudian tepatnya bulan Mei 2002, lembaga rating Standard & Poor’s juga turut menaikkan rating Kookmin Bank dari BBB- menjadi BBB. Memasuki bulan September 2002, secara bersamaan lembaga rating Fitch dan S&P menaikkan rating dari triple B menjadi A- dan triple B menjadi BBB+. Dan, bulan Desember 2002, Moody’s menaikkan rating dari AAA stable menjadi AAA positif.

Sistem teknologi informasi yang dimiliki Kookmin Bank terbukti keandalannya selama tahun 2002 dengan keberhasilannya memperoleh penghargaan “Best Website for Internet Banking” dari Korea Management Association. Memenangkan Grand Prix produk internet terbaik Korea bulan Juli 2002.

Inovasi produk juga tak luput dari perhatian Kookmin Bank. Hal ini terbukti selama bulan November 2002, Kookmin Bank menjadi bank pertama di Korea Selatan yang meluncurkan mesin ATM dengan tipe wall and chair. Meluncurkan pelayanan kartu “precious metal purchase”. Membuat layanan private banking di Apgujeong, pusat private banking “Gold & Wise” di Dogok serta menyediakan layanan bancassurance.

Setelah penutupan beberapa bank di Korea Selatan, risiko manajemen pun menjadi fokus dari seluruh manajemen bank. Risiko manajemen akhirnya menjadi faktor kompetitif dalam menentukan kualitas suatu kredit. Untuk memperkuat risiko manajemen ini, Kookmin Bank bekerjasama dengan Goldman Sachs.

Salah satu keunggulan lain dari Kookmin Bank adalah divisi kartu kredit. Hingga September 2003, tercatat pemegang kartu kredit Kookmin Bank sebanyak 4,1 juta orang dan memiliki merchant sebanyak 325.262. Transaksi kumulatif mencapai Rp 114.386,3 miliar. Meskipun dari September 2002 ke September 2003, jumlah pemegang kartu kredit Kookmin mengalami penurunan 16,43% dan transaksi kumulatif turun 20,60%, namun hal ini lebih dikarenakan pelambatan daya beli masyarakat Korea.

Sehingga, tidak tertutup kemungkinan Bank Internasional Indonesia akan dapat memanfaatkan keunggulan teknologi informasi yang telah dimiliki Kookmin Bank. BII juga dapat mempelajari dan memanfaatkan jaringan kartu kredit beserta teknologi yang telah dimiliki Kookmin Bank, mengingat BII memiliki pemegang kartu kredit terbanyak ketiga di Indonesia. Tercatat, pemegang kartu kredit BII mencapai 375 ribu orang.

Di Indonesia, BII merupakan salah satu bank yang sering membuat inovasi-inovasi terhadap sejumlah produk-produk andalannya seperti kartu kredit MC square, Cash Deposit Machine dan lain sebagainya. Produk-produk kartu kredit yang dimiliki BII bahkan sangat variatif mulai dari BII Platinum Mastercard, BII First Card (Visa/Mastercard/JCB), Banker’s Card, MC2 Credit Card, Global Mastercard, Corporate Credit Card dan Astra World Card. BII juga telah mengembangkan layanan private banking yang dinamakan Platinum Access, dan Syariah Platinum Access dengan hasil yang sangat baik.

Hal lain yang dapat dipelajari BII adalah mengenai masalah transparansi, risiko manajemen, pemasaran merk (brand marketing), teknologi informasi pada internet banking dan private banking mengingat Kookmin Bank juga memiliki keunggulan di sektor-sektor ini. Hal ini terlihat dari kebijakan Kookmin Bank yang menerapkan sistem pendukung transparansi akuntansi dengan mengimplementasikan serangkaian kebijakan menyangkut reporting of investing activities, contract of integrity, new employee code of ethics practise program, oath performance for corruption prevention, dan compliance self-check.

Per 15 Oktober 2003, Kookmin Bank dimiliki oleh Bank of New York ADRS (10,40%), Pemerintah Korea (9,10%), Capital Group International (5,99%), ING Bank N.V Amsterdam (3,78%) dan Goldman Sachs (1,14%). Saham pemerintah ini direncanakan akan dijual pula pada akhir Desember ini. Kookmin Bank, dalam impiannya menjadi bank global telah menetapkan untuk layanan produk perbankan mulai dari bancassurance, universal banking, retail banking dan global investment bank, suatu hal yang sesuai dengan visi BII, menjadi bank lokal sejati berstandar internasional. Yang jelas, jajaran direksi BII harus memanfaatkan kesempatan emas ini, untuk melakukan transfer pengetahuan sebaik mungkin, agar dapat mewujudkan visi BII tersebut.

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